References:

Körner, C., J. Morgan and R. Norby.  2006.  CO₂ enrichment: from plot responses to landscape consequences.  IN Canadell JG, Pataki DE, Pitelka LF (eds) Terrestrial Ecosystems in a Changing World. The IGBP Series, pp XXX-XXX, Springer, Berlin 

LeCain, DR, JA Morgan, DG Milchunas, AR Mosier, JA Nelson, DP Smith. Root biomass of individual species, and root size characteristics after five years of CO₂ enrichment on native shortgrass steppe. 2006. Plant and Soil 279: 219-228 

Milchunas, D.G., A. R. Mosier, J. A. Morgan, D. R. LeCain, J. Y. King, and J. A. Nelson. 2005 Root Production and Tissue Quality in a Shortgrass Steppe Exposed to Elevated CO₂, Using a New Ingrowth Method. Plant and Soil 268: 111-122. 

Milchunas, D.G., J.A. Morgan, A.R. Mosier, D.R. LeCain. 2005. Root dynamics and demography in shortgrass steppe under elevated CO2, and comments on minirhizotron methodology. Global Change Bioilogy 11: 1837-1855. 

King, J.Y., A.R. Mosier, J.A. Morgan, D.R. LeCain, D.G. Milchunas, and W.J. Parton. 2004. Plant nitrogen dynamics in shortgrass steppe under elevated atmospheric CO₂. Ecosystems 7: 147-160.

Milchunas, D.G., A.R. Mosier, J.A. Morgan, D.R. LeCain, J.Y. King, J.A. Nelson. 2005. Elevated CO2 and defoliation effects on a shortgrass steppe: Forage quality versus quantity for ruminants. Ag. Eco. and Env. 111: 166-184. 

Milchunas, D.G., J.Y. King, A.R. Mosier, J.C. Moore, J.A. Morgan, M.H. Quirk, and J.R. Slusser.  2004.  UV radiation effects on plant growth and forage quality in a shortgrass steppe ecosystem.  Photochemistry and Photobiology 79:404-410. 

Morgan, J.A. 2004. Rising atmospheric CO₂ and global climate change: Management implications for grazing lands. Chapter 9, pp. 245-272 in: S.G. Reynolds and J. Frame (eds) Grasslands: Developments Opportunities Perspectives. FAO and Science Pub. Inc. 

Morgan, J.A., A.R. Mosier, D.G. Milchunas, D.R. LeCain, J.A. Nelson and W.J. Parton. 2004a. CO₂ enhances productivity, alters species composition, and reduced digestibility of shortgrass steppe vegetation. Ecological Applications 14:208-219. 

Morgan, J.A., D.E. Pataki, C. Körner, H. Clark, S.J. Del Grosso, J.M. Grünzweig, A.K. Knapp, A.R. Mosier, P.C.D. Newton, P.A. Niklaus, J.B. Nippert, R.S. Nowak, W.J. Parton, H.W. Polley and M.R. Shaw. 2004b. Water relations in grassland and desert ecosystems exposed to elevated atmospheric CO₂. Oecologia 140:11-25. 

Nelson, J.A., J.A. Morgan, D.R. LeCain, A.R. Mosier, D.G. Milchunas and W.J. Parton. 2004. Elevated CO₂ increases soil moisture and enhances plant water relations in a long-term field study in the semi-arid shortgrass steppe of Northern Colorado. Plant and Soil 259:169-179. 

Pendall, E.S., S. Bridgham, P.J. Hanson, B. Hungate, D.W. Kicklighter, D.W. Johnson, B.E. Law, Y. Luo, J.P. Megonigal, M. Olsrud, M.G. Ryan, P. Thornton and S. Wan. 2004a. Belowground Process Responses to Elevated CO₂ and Temperature: A Discussion of Observations, Measurement Methods, and Models. In Press, New Phytologist. 

Pendall, El., J.Y. King, A.R. Mosier, J. Morgan and D. Milchunas.  2004.  Stable isotope constraints on net ecosystem production under elevated CO₂.  IN L.B. Flanagan, J.R. Ehleringer and D.E. Pataki (eds) Stable Isotopes and Biosphere-Atmospheric Interactions: Processes and Biological Controls., pp 182-198,  Elsevier Inc., San Diego, CA. 

Pendall, E., A.R. Mosier and J.A. Morgan 2004. Rhizodeposition stimulated by elevated CO₂ in a semi-arid grassland. New Phytologist 162: 447-458. 

Pielke, R.A., C. Davey and J. Morgan.  2004.  Assessing global warming with surface heat content.  EOS 85:210-211.

Mitchell, C.E. and P.B. Reich, 2003.  Assessing environmental changes in grasslands.  Science 299: 1844.  (Letter to the Editor)

Mitchell, C.E., P.B. Reich, D. Tilman, and J.V. Groth, 2003. Effects of elevated CO₂, nitrogen deposition, and decreased species diversity on foliar fungal plant disease. Global Change Biology 9:438-451

Ferretti, D.F., E. Pendall, J.A. Morgan, J.A. Nelson, D.R. LeCain, A.R. Mostier. 2003. Partitioning evapotranspiration fluxes from a Colorado grassland using stable isotopes: Seasonal variations and ecosystem implications of elevated atmospheric CO2. Plant and Soil 254: 291-303. 

LeCain, D.R., J.A. Morgan, A.R. Mosier and J.A. Nelson. 2003. Soil and plant water relations determine photosynthetic responses of C₃ and C₄ grasses in a semi-arid ecosystem under elevated CO₂. Annals of Botany 92:41-52. 

Pendall, E., S. Del Grosso, J.Y. King and 8 others. 2003. Elevated Atmospheric CO₂ Effects and Soil Water Feedbacks on Soil Respiration Components in a Colorado grassland. Global Biogeochem. Cycles Vol. 17:1-13. 

Morgan, J.A.  2002.  Looking beneath the surface.  Science 298:1903-1904. 

Mosier, A.R., J.A. Morgan, J.Y. King, D. LeCain and D.G. Milchunas.  2002.  Soil-atmosphere exchange of CH₄, CO₂, NO_x, and N₂O in the Colorado Shortgrass Steppe under Elevated CO2.  Plant and Soil 240:201-211. 

Gitay, H., and 46 others.  2001.  Ecosystems and their goods and services, Chapter 5 in Climate Change 2001, J.J. McCarthy, O.F. Canziani, N.A. Leary, D.J. Dokken and K.S.White (eds), The Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 

Morgan, J.A., D.R. LeCain, A.R. Mosier and D.G. Milchunas. 2001. Elevated CO₂ enhances water relations and productivity and affects gas exchange in C₃ and C₄ grasses of the Colorado shortgrass steppe. Global Change Biology 7:451-466 

Morgan, J.A., P.C.D. Newton, J. Nösberger and C.E. Owensby.  2001.  The influence of rising atmospheric CO2 on grassland ecosystems.  Proceedings of the XIX International Grassland Congress, pp 973-980, Brazilian Society of Animal Husbandry, Sao Pedro, Sao Paulo, Brazil.. 

Morgan, J.A., R.H. Skinner, and J.D. Hanson.  2001.  Nitrogen and CO₂ affect regrowth and biomass partitioning differently in forages of three functional groups.  Crop Science 41:78-86. 

Parton, W.J., J.A. Morgan, R.H. Kelly and D. Ojima. 2000.  Modeling soil C responses to environmental change in grassland systems, pp 371-398,  In R.F. Follet, J.M. Kimble and R. Lal (eds) The Potential of U.S. Grazing Lands to Sequester Carbon and Mitigate the Greenhouse Effect, Lewis Publishers, New York. 

Polley, H.W., J.A. Morgan, M. Stafford-Smith and B. Campbell.  2000.  Crop ecosystem responses to climatic change: rangelands, pp 293-314  IN K.R. Reddy and H.F. Hodges, eds, Climate Change and Global Crop Productivity, CAB International Publishing, UK.  

McMaster, G.S., D.R. LeCain, J.A. Morgan, L. Aiguo and D.L Hendrix.  1999.  Elevated CO2 increases wheat CER, leaf and tiller development, and shoot and root growth.  Journ. Agronomy and Crop Science 183:119-128. 

Skinner, R.H., J.A. Morgan and J.D. Hanson.  1999.  Carbon and nitrogen reserve remobilization following defoliation: Nitrogen and elevated CO₂ effects.  Crop Science 39:1749-1756. 1999.

Hunt, H.W., J.A. Morgan, and J.J. Read.  1998.  Simulating growth and root-shoot partitioning in prairie grasses under elevated atmoshperic CO₂ and water stress.  Ann. of Botany 81:489-501. 

LeCain, D.R., and J.A. Morgan.  1998.  Growth, photosynthesis, leaf nitrogen and carbohydrate concentrations in NAD-ME and NAD-ME C₄ grasses grown in elevated CO₂.  Physiologia Plantarum 102:297-306. 

Morgan, J.A., D.R. LeCain, J.J. Read, H.W. Hunt and W.G. Knight. 1998. Photosynthetic pathway and ontogeny affect water relations and the impact of CO₂ on Bouteloua gracilis (C₄) and Pascopyrum smithii (C₃). Oecologia 114: 483-493. 

Read, J.J., J.A. Morgan, N.J. Chatterton, and P.A. Harrison.  1997.  Gas exchange and carbohydrate and nitrogen concentrations in leaves of Pascopyrum smithii (C₃) and Bouteloua gracilis (C₄) at different carbon dioxide concentrations and temperatures.  Ann. Bot.  79:197-206. 

Chen, D.-X., H.W. Hunt, and J.A. Morgan. 1996.   Responses of a C₃ and C₄ perennial grass to CO₂ enrichment and climate change: Comparison between model predictions and experimental data.  Ecological Modeling   87:11-27. 

Hunt, H.W., Elliott, E.T., Detling, J.K.,  Morgan, J.A., and Chen, D.-X.  1996.  Responses of a C₃ and C₄ perennial grass to elevated CO₂ and climate change.  Global Change Biology.  2:35-47. 

Morgan, J.A., H.W. Hunt, C.A. Monz, and D.R. LeCain.  1994.  Consequences of growth at two carbon dioxide concentrations and temperatures for leaf gas exchange of Pascopyrum smithii (C₃) and Bouteloua gracilis (C₄).  Plant, Cell and Environ. 17:1023-1033.

Morgan, J.A., W.G. Knight, L.M. Dudley, and H.W. Hunt.  1994.  Enhanced root system C-sink activity, water relations and aspects of nutrient acquisition in mycotrophic Bouteloua gracilis subjected to CO2 enrichment.  Plant and Soil 165:139-146.

Read, J.J., and J.A. Morgan.  1996.  Growth and partitioning in Pascopyrum smithii (C₃) and Bouteloua gracilis (C₄) as influenced by carbon dioxide and temperature.  Ann. Bot. 77:487-496. 

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Last modified: 09/28/06